In Tips #11 on Side lighting, we discussed lighting situations based upon the direction the light was falling upon our subject. This month we will discuss the quality of the light. Generally, when photographing birds, we are thankful that we have sufficient light for our lens and film speed. A high shutter speed is always appreciated since birds rarely sit still for very long. Quality of light actually encompasses two distinctly different concepts. The first being the intensity and the second, being the color of the light. Light intensity is at its peak when the skies are clear and the sun is directly overhead. Unfortunately, high sunlight is very harsh (contrasty) and creates distracting shadows. For the most part, photography under high sun gives poor photographs and is best avoided (Additionally, bird activity is often at its lowest at this time of day). The one exception to this occurs when there are light overcast conditions. This occurs when the cloud layer is very thin and the sun can only cast a very faint shadow. Cloud cover such as this, acts like a diffuser creating even, but very strong lighting. Lacking the distraction of harsh shadows, you can shoot most of the day and the lighting is never harsh like you experience under a clear sky.
Conversely, when the sun is low in the sky as in morning and afternoon you can position yourself with the sun behind you to give even front-lighting on the subject. While the light is not as powerful, it is easily intense enough to give you good shutter speeds with slow films. We often discuss the direction and intensity of light, but rarely do we talk about the color of the light. The early and late light tends to be "warmer" or richer in yellows and reds than high or mid-day sun conditions. When photographing birds rich in yellows and reds such as warblers and tanagers, warm light can really punch the color up. This effect may be desirable with certain species, but it may be distracting with birds such as great egrets or other less colorful birds.
When heavy clouds are present, you really need to use fast film or at the very least, push your film (see also Tips# 16 and 27 on the use of electronic flash). When there is little light, flash can be quite helpful, although your photographs may have a "flashlight at midnight" effect.
In summary, we are slaves to light. While we always want the light to be as bright as possible, we abhor the "noon-day harsh shadow contrast devil sun" conditions!! Low angle light is always preferable due to the even front lighting and as a bonus; the light is often warmer in color. This gives many photographs a pleasing aura.
